The role of US Government on Abortions

Abortion has been a contentious issue in the American society. The society has been controlling fertility using abortion irrespective of its legality. The United States legalised this practice before 1880; afterwards, it was banned in most states but only allowed when a woman’s life was to be saved or in case a woman’s life was in danger.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The role of US Government on Abortions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Traditionally, women practiced abortion amid public support and no court conviction (Libertarianism). Notably, during this time even the Church did not lead a repression against this act. Before the 19th century, women could assist each other in the abortion process. Women healers in US openly trained other women to abort without judicial interventions. The US government has overtime remained in focus on abortion issues. Historical court rulings reveal t he divisions that have existed in the US on the topic of abortion. The government has been changing positions on this issue with numerous amendments. This has been due to the differences in opinion between the Democrats and Republicans on abortion. In the early 1800, there was no law touching on abortion for women, it was not easy for them to refuse to go along with abortion practices hence eliminating the need for it (Abortion | American Civil Liberties Union). The US government has ensured that women experiencing inferior abortions and affected by abdominal infections are treated in the emergency wards that were established in some of their hospitals. Markedly, the doctors were the ones allowed to perform this process. If abortion was to be done to a young female, the doctors were to inform their parents before carrying out this operation. This information was to remove any liability from the doctor in case of any risk that can arise like death of the young female. In 1973, in a c ase between Roe versus Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that a woman should be the one to decide when to have an abortion. This Amendment Concept of Human Liberty was considered as a right of privacy. In Roe versus Wade, the term ‘right of privacy’ was viewed as broad to include whether a woman opts to abort or not. Notably, this ruling legalised abortion in the US. During this time, the government initiative that supports health care, Medicaid, offered funding to women who wanted to stop pregnancy. The land-mark ruling by the Supreme Court made women have the legal right to abortion.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This ruling ensured that the women’s rights were entrenched in the constitution. Therefore, barriers of whichever nature to abortion were deemed to be unconstitutional at this point. It is clear that the government was not able to determine out r ightly when life begins. The Texas and Georgia court rulings left a key question on whether a foetus has right to life or not. Obviously, the rulings had little concern for the life of the unborn babies; therefore, presuming that life begins at the start of the third trimester and not necessarily at conception. The third trimester is a period between the 7th and the 9th month of pregnancy. Therefore, the government removed all restrictions that were on abortion between conception and the sixth month. In Doe versus Bolton’s case in Georgia, Justice Harry Blackmun ruled that the life of a mother encompasses her emotional, physical, psychological and family well-being. This ruling also gave room for abortion even at the 3rd trimester since a woman’s health was given more priority than the life of the foetus. Conversely, in 1977 the federal government offered to limit Medicaid funding to support abortion. By 1981, the government no longer allowed all the above exceptions. Overtime, abortion raised different opinions. This continuity led to reacceptance of the three exceptions. Currently, the Hyde amendment has all the three exceptions as the only reasons that can make one carry out abortion. Markedly, the ban on Medicaid for funding abortion significantly affects low income females. Civil discussion came to an agreement that a pregnant woman and her doctor have a legal right to whether to abort or not and only if her health is in danger that she is forced to terminate the pregnancy. The US government started to fund trimester abortions to help poor pregnant women whose health were in danger. The government also required parents to be involved in case their children are involved in abortion practices. They were to be informed by the doctors verbally or in writing, failure of which penalties are to follow. In Thornburg versus American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of 1986, the Supreme Court changed that the 3rd trimester abortions should t ake into concern the life of the child in preference to the mother’s life.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The role of US Government on Abortions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, women were to be trained on prenatal development, educated on abortion alternatives and informed on risks that accompany abortion. Citizens began to avoid abortion practices although the abortion law remained in force. Most states began restricting abortion by instituting legislative measures following the 1986 court ruling. The year 1989 marked a drastic shift from the earlier rulings on when life begins. In Webster versus Reproductive Health Services, the court declared that life begins at conception and that the federal government has no interest on the development of the foetus during pregnancy. In Planned Parenthood versus Casey case of 1992, the court ruled that when performing an abortion, 24 hours wa iting period should be given to the victim. This was meant to prepare the woman psychologically hence have a full consent of abortion. The Hyde amendment having restricted funding abortion placed low income women at risk since they could take a lot of time struggling to meet the cost of abortion. These women even lacked insurance covers on abortion. These women could even opt to receive support from untrained practitioners, which is always unsafe and illegal. This amendment denies women abortion services even in case of serious mental or health problems. The differences in earning levels of American women show marginalization that the amendment has entrenched. It denied poor women basic reproductive health care. Others are of the view that the amendment has infringed on the right of the womenfolk. However, they could get funds during the late stages of pregnancy which is always accompanied by high health risks. In 2000, the US government rejected partial birth control because it did not protect the life of a pregnant woman. The life of a pregnant woman was to be considered and be protected (History of Abortion). The government highly supported the use of contraceptives. The US government encouraged women to use them to prevent the unplanned pregnancies. In case of full term pregnancy or rape, federal medical funds were expelled to pay for abortion, but only if the woman’s health was at risk. This initiative saw 17 states in the US pay for abortions of underprivileged women as others were paid by public funds. The Partial-Birth Abortion Act of 2003 passed legislation that a doctor found performing a partial birth control was to be imprisoned for two years while a woman undergoing the procedure was not be prosecuted with an indemnity to save her life. In addition, charges against the mother or the doctor should be introverted as it was considered as a way of prohibiting abortion.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Life was considered to begin at conception. The senate in 2011 removed abortion coverage for women who were raped in the military as they argued that the military are pro-life (History of Abortion). However, abortion coverage still remained in force for civilians who were employed by the federal and state governments. Nevertheless, Pentagon funds were used to cover the abortion procedure in cases where a mother’s life was in danger. Federal tax dollars were kept in separate domestic accounts as per the US government; this was to take care of abortion cases. Those with unlimited options had to pay at least $1per month to help in supporting them in case of abortion (Torre). According to this law, any person interested in signing for the public option, a federally administered programme, paid for abortion treatment. According to Vice President Joe Biden, life begins at conception; therefore, abortion process stops the life of an innocent soul. This is also in line with the churc h teachings. He ensured that the government took an initiative to illegalise abortion unless under certain circumstances. The government ensured public justice by protecting the primary life-giving of its people and offering supportive conditions in nurturing children, in the society. In case of unplanned pregnancies, the government had to take corrective measures to prevent reoccurrence of the problem rather than promoting abortion on the basis of individual sovereignty. Additionally, the government ensured that families took the responsibility of bringing up their children. The US government instituted counselling services on health of both the child and the mother, pregnancy and adoption services hence minimising abortion practices. Massive counselling on the impacts of abortion reduced abortion rate tremendously. This idea has been acknowledged by religions especially the Catholic Church which believes that life begins at conception. They were at the frontline in offering pregna ncy counselling on impacts of abortion to women (History of Abortion). The Church believed that abortion was an act against the will of God. According to the Church, life begins at conception; therefore, any attempt to carry out abortion at any point of pregnancy contravenes the will of God. In addition, the Church held that the act was also contravening human beings right to life. A few citizens in the US came out to oppose the government funding on abortion. However, when asked to give reasons for their opposition, only 3% supported funding of abortion while 8% said that there was a possibility that the government is spending a lot of money towards abortion. However, the US government held that they were only supporting reforms on abortion. The government has gone ahead to establish emergency wards in some hospitals just to ensure that the life of a mother undergoing abortion illegally is saved. The Pew Research of 2009 showed that 42% support the idea but around 38% proposals opp ose it (Abortion Plays Small Role in Health Reform Opposition). An inclusion of this policy supporting funding of abortion will encourage women to engage in abortion practices. Nonetheless, only 28% of the proposals wanted it be included thus causing division during the health care debate. As 42% of the citizens wanted abortion to be covered with government benefit, 49% were of the contrary idea. The US government has tried to illegalise abortion since the majority of its citizens has agreed that it should be allowed when the life of the pregnant mother is in danger (Abortion Plays Small Role in Health Reform Opposition). Opposition of healthcare reforms was turned down even before the house passed its report. Although these debates took place, some US citizens still remained undecided about the proposals. Nevertheless, the government continued to support the abortion reforms just to ensure its citizens are able to support and contribute towards the reforms. This legislation saw a 5 % decline in abortion practices, the biggest one-year decrease in ten years. Experts held that the decrease in the rate of abortion was as a result of the harsh economic condition that was experienced worldwide. The situation made women to be so careful with their sexual lives. In 2009, the Centre for Birth Control collected data which indicated that both rate and number of abortion fell to 5% (Sherratt). For example, California reported high decrease of abortion rates as a result of the implementation of these policies. Researchers found that out of 1000 females who are capable of giving birth, about 16 underwent abortion in 2008 while 15 did abortion in 2009; this interpreted to almost 38,000 less abortion in one year. The use of contraceptives; the pills, patch, intrauterine device (IUD), T-shaped plastic sperm-killer, provided by the government for both women and teenagers contributed the decline of abortion. Another cause for the abortion decline was due to morning after pills. It was accessible to many women and teenagers because it was to be sold to women above 18 years in 2006; however, in 2007 the age was lowered to 17. Morning after pills is a form of emergency contraception. Elizabeth Ananat, a Duke University assistant professor, held that abortion should be restricted by controlling pregnancy through the provision of birth control techniques (Sherratt). In 2009, President Obama lifted restrictions that were on the funding of abortion. During this time, the senate was under the control of the pro-abortion while the House of Representatives was under the control of the anti-abortion law makers (Robinson). His predecessor affirmed the restrictions on the Medicaid funding on abortion. During Bush’s reign, there were no funds for family planning services that were given to bodies that conducted abortion. So serious was this restriction that even non-US government funds could not find their way into supporting family planning services. This rule has been reinstated and rescinded among the Republicans and Democrats Head of States. For instance, Bill Clinton ensured that taxpayers’ funds were used to support abortion but when Bush took Office, he removed the funding. Currently, the Obama administration has rescinded the law. Bush, during his times, upheld that no single taxpayers’ money should be used to support abortions. This reinstatement of the law went down well with the anti-abortions. These groups of people felt that it was a clear betrayal to American taxpayers who at the time were under a financial crisis. This law was known as the Mexico City Policy. They cited an example of over $400 million that US spent overseas on family planning activities. On the other hand, the anti-laws argue that the law minimize dangerous abortions and deaths that are conducted in the back streets of poor nations. A denial on contraception, they believe has created low funding to overseas organizations tasked with offering fa mily-planning and healthcare services. This law has led to different opinions among US citizens as they are divided between the Democrats and the Republicans position. It has been used as a tit for tat game when the main US political parties shift at the White House. The lifting of the restriction has seen a steady increase in the number of terminated lives. For instance, in 2011, close to 329,445 abortions were carried out; this is far much higher than those abortions carried out in 2010. Statistically, over 18 million abortions had been carried out since the Supreme Court’s ruling on Roe versus Wade’s case in 1973. The department of Planned Parenthood received $542.4 million to use in supporting abortion. Again, black women are 5 times more to perform an abortion than white women. As a result, over 1, 876 lives of black children are terminated through abortion every day in the US. Abortion has tremendously reduced the number of black Americans. This topic has been so controversial with others argue that the government should not force its citizens to pay taxes which are going to be used in stopping innocent lives. Those for the law argue that the US citizens are paying for acts they do not do; therefore, the extra abortion costs should be met by the victims. They go ahead to reveal that even if a woman becomes pregnant due to rape, the child is innocent and should not be aborted at any cost. The government should not demand to acquire tax from its citizens. The right of a woman to abort should not entitle her to the federal funds. Most citizens believe that it is their constitutional right to carry out abortion. This idea has received backings from the Democrats and the Supreme Court. They feel it is necessary to offer funding for family planning and abortion in case a woman’s life is in danger. On the other hand, the Republican Party has held that life termination through abortion is illegal; as a result, the government should not pay f or such illegal activities. From this point, it is clear that the US government has been changing their position on abortion depending on the political party that takes control of the White House. The two main political parties hold different ideologies on this contentious topic. Presently, some legislators are lobbying to pass laws that will totally deny all women from buying insurance policies that cover abortion. Abortion affects directly the lives of both the mother and the foetus. With different opinions on abortion by the main political parties in the US, the citizens, especially women remained divided on the way forward and the ideology to hold. This issue is so serious; therefore, requires politicians not to play politics with it. Since some abortions cause multiple deaths, that is, the mother and the unborn baby, the government ought to leave this issue to the women themselves to decide on the way forward (Cox). Moreover, issues of life and death have direct psychological r epercussions to the family of the deceased. For instance, there are working class women who in case of death, their families remain affected economically and socially. Death of a spouse due to abortion also shows unpreparedness in a family. In addition, the government does not always offer monetary support to children who are orphaned due to abortion, an act that they offer financial support through Medicaid. Therefore, the government ought to leave this issue to the women themselves to decide and fund the entire process. In terms of human rights, terminating the life of the unborn child is ethically wrong. This practice encourages unsafe and unplanned sex among people in the American society as they believe that they will get support from the government in order to undergo an abortion. The Republican opinion on abortion that no taxpayers’ money should be used to end the life of God’s creature should be upheld. It also encourages carelessness in sexual activities. This can lead to spread of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) like HIV/AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhoea among others. HIV/AIDS, for instance, is incurable, and from the World Health Organization’s statistics, the disease has caused numerous negative impacts across all sectors in the world. The removal of government support will improve the societal moral behaviours as they will view abortion as an evil and illegal activity that is prosecuted in a court of law. The US government, therefore, should shun away from meeting abortion costs among its citizens. A scrutiny of government expenditure shows that the US government uses over $542.4 million to fund abortion related activities. This cash can be directed to other programs like environmental conservation, enhancing food security in the third world countries, and sponsoring needy children in the society. For sure, this is a misplaced initiative by the government (Burneson). The government should leave abortion to be a personal choice a mong women as their involvement cost taxpayers millions of dollars. Whatever a woman does with her body should be of minimal concern to the government. The government should offer guidance and risks involved in abortion. The choice to abort or not should be left to a woman and her husband thereby avoiding public debates which will make it look controversial. If the government can leave this issue to be discussed privately among couples, then, the numerous life terminations will reduce tremendously. For instance, in a society where to remain unmarried to a woman is a leading cause for stigma, pregnancy will be the worst acts that women will want to happen to them. In fact, it will instil discipline among women. On the other front, government’s strict legislation on abortion can make pregnant women to sought for abortion from backstreet health centres with untrained ‘doctors’. Another ordeal involves conducting ultrasound of the foetus where women view and listen t o a given description. This proves traumatic. The strict legislation will directly affect the life of the victims; therefore, the victim should be left with this option of undergoing an abortion or not (Abortion Should Not Be Up For Debate). People hold different beliefs in their lifetimes. In this perspective, ones beliefs should not interfere with others. It also implies that the government should not take sides on this as it may be forcing others to abide by other people’s beliefs. The times for dictatorial leadership are long gone, unless the US government wants to take its citizens back to the middle ages; it should be up to the women to decide on what to do with their lives. Government involvement on the topic of abortion whether they support it or not causes severe effects to the lives of its citizens. On one side, government support to abortion through funding can make many women to engage in unprotected sex as they know that they will receive government support in or der to carry out an abortion. In addition, this support will go against other citizens’ beliefs; for example, the Catholics who hold that such practices are evil as they sum up to murder of innocent souls. On the other hand, the government restrictions on abortion may cause dissatisfaction among women who their lives may be in danger during the pregnancy period. Further, unplanned pregnancies may be aborted under risky conditions as the government has not legalised those centres thereby enhancing secrecy. One should be allowed to make and implement his/her decision freely. The freedom of choice is a fundamental law that the government should not interfere with at all times. For instance, if a woman believes that abortion is an immoral act, she will not practice it, and the government should also not come in to convince her that, at times, it can be done. On the other hand, if another woman wants an abortion, it will remain her own choice and not somebody else. In this situati on, the government should keep off in attempting to assist or hinder her abortion process. Instead of engaging in criticisms, women should be given psychological, moral and emotional support in order to go through the process. US should copy how Belgium handles her women during abortion periods. For example, a woman sees a psychologist before going through the procedure. Notably, the role of the psychologist is not to convince the woman to rescind on her decision of aborting but to continue counselling on her own decision (Abortion Should Not Be Up For Debate). Since abortion may come with challenging and stressful situations, it remains the role of the psychologist to guide the women on how to handle these challenges as they come. In any case the counselling process may alter the woman’s idea; she is allowed to take time off and come back later for further counselling. This Belgium’s move upholds the freedom of choice among its citizens. The US government should not i nterfere with personal decisions that directly affect its citizens. An attempt to meddle in this issue has been viewed as a possible way of contravening an individual’s beliefs and practices. Abortion should not be of foremost concern or debatable in the US but be left for women and their husbands to discuss in private places. It has also been noted that funding abortion has made taxpayers spend millions of dollars annually. Abortion, therefore, should be left to a woman to decide whether to perform it or not. Works Cited Abortion Plays Small Role in Health Reform Opposition. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. Pew Research Center, 19 Nov. 2009. Web. Abortion Should Not Be Up For Debate. Policymic.com. Policymic Inc., n.d. Web. Abortion | American Civil Liberties Union. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). ACLU, n.d. Web. Burneson, Steven. â€Å"Polar Politics: Abortion should not be an issue considered by government .† CollegiateTimes.com. Educational Media Company, 17 Dec. 2012. Web. Cox, William John. â€Å"Abortion: The Government’s Choice? Women’s Reproductive Rights in the New America.† Global Research. Global Research, 27 Oct. 2008. Web. History of Abortion. Feminist.com. Touchstone, n.d. Web. Libertarianism. Libertarianism. The Advocates for Self-Government, n.d. Web. Robinson, Ba . â€Å"U.S. LAWS RESTRICTING ABORTION.† All about religious tolerance: the ReligiousTolerance.org web site. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, 31 Jan. 2008. Web. Sherratt, Timothy. â€Å"Religion, Abortion and the Role of Government.† Capital Commentary | Center for Public Justice. Center for Public Justice, 19 Oct. 2012. Web. Torre, Sarah. â€Å"Planned Parenthood Sets Record for Abortions and Government Funding.† The Foundry: Conservative Policy News Blog from The Heritage Foundation |. N.p., 9 Jan. 2013. Web. This research paper on The role of US Government on Abortions was written and submitted by user Drew Cox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jazz in New York and Chicago During the 1920s essays

Jazz in New York and Chicago During the 1920s essays New York and Chicago During the 1920's The 1920's was a huge decade for the phenomena known as "Jazz". Due to the closing of the seaport in New Orleans, musicians were forced to travel up the Mississippi to find work. Two of the cities most affected by this move were Chicago and New York. Chicago was home primarily for New Orleans traditional music during the 1920's. From this New Orleans style came four major types of jazz: Boogie-Woogie, Chicago Jazz, Urban Blues, and Society Dance Bands. Because of the ever-growing popularity of nightclubs during Prohibition, these styles of jazz thrived so musicians were guaranteed jobs. The popularity of the phonograph also provided a huge boost to the music industry during the 1920's. Boogie-Woogie was a style of improvised piano music played during the '20's in Chicago. It got its start in the mining areas of the Midwest. The rolling, repetitious style was the beginning of the Midwestern shuffle style. The second type of jazz popular during this time was Chicago Jazz. It was played mostly by white musicians. Chicago Jazz tended to be very aggressive and usually ended abruptly. Since Chicago had more nightclubs than New York, it held a bigger attraction for musicians. It was only after the stock market crash in 1929 that New York replaced Chicago as a jazz capital. This style of jazz was tighter and more rehearsed than others. The next kind of jazz to emerge during the 1920's was Urban Blues. This was played primarily in an area known as the "bucket of blood." This referred to an area along the South Side of Chicago. The clubs there were known to hire the "who's who" of blues musicians. The last major style of jazz to emerge from Chicago during the '20's was Society Dance Bands. These bands were usually big with plush arrangements. They were located downtown and were slower paced and had no improvisation. They were designed mainly for dancing. They had a more ...

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SPRING, A Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay SPRINGBy: Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950) To what purpose, April, do you return again?Beauty is not enough.You can no longer quiet me with the rednessOf little leaves opening stickily. I know what I know.The sun is hot on my neck as I observeThe spikes of the crocus.The smell of the earth is good. It is apparent that there is no death.But what does that signify?Not only under ground are the brains of menEaten by maggots. Life in itselfIs nothing,An empty cup, a flight of uncarpeted stairs.It is not enough that yearly, down this hill, AprilComes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers. Spring â€Å"Spring† is a powerful free verse poem written by Edna St. Vincent Millay, in 1921 . At first glance, this poem does not seem extremely meaningful. However, the time during which it was written, explains the poems true importance because it is after World War. It contains figurative language, specifically describing post war trauma. The tone and mood enforce the element of war to a greater extent. The atmosphere created by the author is vague, but looking deeply into the metaphorical language, allows you to truly understand the casualties. In the poem â€Å"Spring† written by Edna St. Vincent Millay, war is cruel and indescribable. In quatrain three, line three, Millay writes, â€Å"Not only under ground are the brains of men.† This depicts the battlefield. The author explains that as spring arrives, the reality of the war is forgotten. Citizens continue with their lives, forgetting about the casualties. The nice weather comes, but it should have never cover ed up the war. The author is also upset. She is angry regarding the month of April. Millay is trying to ask what the point of Spring is, after the death of so many. The bright flowers, the warm sun and the nice breeze are useless when there is no one to admire them.On another note, the written part of the poem consists of four quatrains and one couplet. Three lines of each quatrain are end-stopped, while the remaining one is enjambed. In the couplet, one line is enjamed and the other is end-stopped. In the first two quatrains, the author is unsatisfied. Millay could be indecisive about the month of April. However, the remainder of the poem identifies that she is frustrated with society. The last two lines of the fourth quatrain explain this theory. She is identifying life as pointless and useless. Millay may not believe in war and is angered by it. The couplet enforces this prediction even more. The tone of the last line indicates her frustration, anger and irritation. The rhythm is irregular with no specific rhyme scene. However, this free verse poem has a pattern similar to Shakespearean poems; the first eight lines are talking about a subject, which builds up to contradict against the rest of the poem. In this case, for the first eight lines, the poet discusses the climate and nature during April, and then contrasts it to war for the rest of the poem. There are some lines in this poem, which are metaphors and have symbolism. For example, the last two lines of the fourth quatrain. The â€Å"empty cup, † symbolizes the future. It explains our future to be nothing. This is also a metaphor because it compares life to an empty cup. Fighting will lead to nothing. This is the hidden message in this line. The atmosphere of the poem always relates back to war. There is a lot of imagery in the poem. For example, line four of the first quatrain. The reader can imagine the tiny leaves opening slowly, as the day goes by. This makes it a form of imagery. In the th ird line of the third quatrain, the author is referring to a place known as ‘No Mans Land. This is the land between two trenches that all soldiers feared, because of death, due to exploding shells. Cacophonic The entire poem is cacophonic. â€Å"The sun is hot /the spikes of the crocus /eaten by maggots ,† are all unpleasant phrases. These expressions helped create the tone, which is war and casualties. This poem is unique in another sense as well. The author is speaking to the season, which is quite preposterous. The last line of this poem is another unique phrase. The author personifies April. He remarks on April as knowing nothing. It just comes and brings some useless flowers, thinking that all will become well; these shall not be accepted because of the war. The poem was an understatement because truly looking at just the text, line eleven was the only sentence, which talked about the victims. Millay has chosen her words extremely carefully when writing this poem. She vaguely describes the true meaning and theme of this literature. What I mean by this is that, without a biography, it would be difficult to infer the true theme of this poem. War is embedded in the specific langu age and the result is a truly unique poem. The precise symbolism has true meaning when deeply investigated. An illusion has been created by the title of â€Å"Spring† giving this poem an even greater twist. â€Å"Spring† by Edna St. Vincent Millay is about war and the results; an inhospitable environment with casualties and no future.

Ideas for Attention Deficit Disorder :: Teaching Public Education

Ideas for Attention Deficit Disorder Ideas for Attention Deficit Children Children whose attention seems to wander or who never seem to "be with" the rest of the class might be helped by the following suggestions. Pause and create suspense by looking around before asking questions. Randomly pick reciters so the children cannot time their attention. Signal that someone is going to have to answer a question about what is being said. Use the child’s name in a question or in the material being covered. Ask a simple question (not even related to the topic at hand) to a child whose attention is beginning to wander. Develop a private running joke between you and the child that can be invoked to re-involve you with the child. Stand close to an inattentive child and touch him or her on the shoulder as you are teaching. Walk around the classroom as the lesson is progressing and tap the place in the child’s book that is currently being read or discussed. Decrease the length of assignments or lessons. Alternate physical and mental activities. Increase the novelty of lessons by using films, tapes, flash cards, or small group work or by having a child call on others. Incorporate the children’s interests into a lesson plan. Structure in some guided daydreaming time. Give simple, concrete instructions, once. Investigate the use of simple mechanical devices that indicate attention versus inattention. Teach children self monitoring strategies. Use a soft voice to give direction. Employ peers or older students or volunteer parents as tutors. Books and Materials For Helping Kids & Teens With ADHD Strategies for Cognitively Impulsive Children Some children have difficulty staying with the task at hand. Their verbalizations seem irrelevant and their performance indicates that they are not thinking reflectively about what they are doing. Some possible ideas to try out in this situation include the following. Provide as much positive attention and recognition as possible. Clarify the social rules and external demands of the classroom. Establish a cue between teacher and child. Spend personal discussion times with these children emphasizing the similarities between the teacher and child. Get in a habit of pausing 10 to 16 seconds before answering. Probe irrelevant responses for possible connections to the question. Have children repeat questions before answering. Choose a student to be the "question keeper." Using a well known story, have the class orally recite it as a chain story.

The Growing Spice Trade

According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary (trade, 2009), the word â€Å"trade† means a person engaged in an occupation, business, or industry dealings between persons or groups and the business of buying and selling or bartering commodities. Many factors played key roles in the economic development of a region using trade as a major contribution of growing power. There were many commodities that were traded; silk, fruits and vegetables, cotton, and precious stones, to name a few. The spice trade, in particular, was an activity with ancient origins (Upshur et al. , 2002, p. 307). Spice trade was and is a commercial activity which involves the merchandising of spices and herbs. The most important item of trade between the East and West were spices, especially cinnamon from India, cardamom from Aden, cassia, turmeric, and ginger and pepper from Indonesia (Upshur et al. , 2002, p. 324). It bypassed silk and other commodities to be the main import from India to the western world (â€Å"Spice Tradeâ€Å", 2009). In addition to their use in cooking, spices were put to a variety of purposes, including medicine, magic, mummification, perfume, religion, and sex (Turner, 2004, Oct). For many centuries, Arab merchants controlled the overland trade routes to India until the sea routes were discovered (â€Å"SPICESâ€Å", n. d. ). Overland routes helped the trade initially, but maritime routes led to tremendous growth later. During the high and late medieval periods, Muslim traders dominated maritime spice trading routes, tapping source regions in the Far East and shipping spices from trading emporiums in India westward to the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, from which overland routes led to Europe. This trade was transformed by the European Age of Discovery and the route from Europe to the Indian Ocean via the Cape of Good Hope was pioneered by European navigators such as Vasco Da Gama in 1497 (â€Å"Spice Tradeâ€Å", 2009). The high cost of transportation ensured that the most costly goods like silk, spices, precious metals and gems, traveled the longest distances. Most of the cargo carried in ancient trade went from Asia to Europe via overland and maritime (Upshur et al. , 2002, p. 308). Civilizations of Asia were involved in spice trade from the ancient times, and the Greco-Roman world soon followed by trading along the Incense route and the Roman-India routes which were dependent upon the techniques developed by the maritime trading power, Kingdom of Axum (400’s B. C. E. -1000 C. E. ). The Kingdom had pioneered the Red Sea route before the 1st century (â€Å"Spice Tradeâ€Å", 2009). Trade between India and the Greco-Roman world kept on increasing and the introduction of Indian culture created a demand from aromatics. These trading outposts later served the Chinese and Arab markets, too (â€Å"Spice Tradeâ€Å", 2009). Many other merchants and countries engaged in this trade such as the Pre-Islamic Meccans who continued to use the old Incense Route to benefit from the heavy Roman demand for luxury goods. The Indian commercial connection with South East Asia proved vital to the merchants of Arabia and Persia. The Abbasids used Alexandria, Damietta, Aden, and Siraf as entry ports to India and China. Rome briefly played a part during the 5th century (â€Å"Spice Tradeâ€Å", 2009). One of the major consequences of the spice trade was the discovery of the American continent by European explorers. Trade until the mid 15th century was with the east through the Silk Road with the Byzantine Empire and the Italian city-states of Venice and Genoa acting as the middle man. In 1453, however, the Ottomans took Constantinople and so the Byzantine Empire was no more. Now in control of the sole spice trade, the empire was in a favorable position to charge hefty taxes on merchandise bound for the west. The Western Europeans set about to find another sea route around Africa (â€Å"Spice Tradeâ€Å", 2009). When Christopher Columbus sailed west in 1492, he wasn’t looking for a new world, but for a new route to the old world of the Indies and for gold and spices. He found little of either (Turner, 2004, Oct). After Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan in 1520 took up the quest for Spain. Of the five vessels under his command, only one, the Victoria, returned to Spain, laden with cloves (â€Å"Spice Tradeâ€Å", 2009). With this, Portugal and Spain developed new trade routes that bypassed the old land and water routes in the process opened up a new era of world trade (Upshur et al. , 2002, p. 308). Conclusion What does this say about the growing globalization of trade and cultural exchange? Along the trade routes European people intermarried, passed on valuable technologies and skills, arts and literature, and cultural and religious customs. The sale of spice established large funds to be used to benefit local economies and promoting further trading activities. References SPICES. (n.d.). In (Ed.), Funk & Wagnall’s new World Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 17, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database. Spice Trade. (2009). In (Ed.), Wikipedia. Retrieved February 17, 2009, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_trade Trade. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (2009 ed.). Turner, J. (2004, October). Adventures in the spice trade. Geographical, 76(10), 45-50. Retrieved February 17, 2009 from Academic Search Premier database. Upshur, J., Terry, J., Holoka, J., Goff, R., & Cassar, G. (2002). World History before 1600: The Development of Early Civilization (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Free Essays on Happily Ever After

Happily Ever After Written in caustic response to an annoying academic, Nadine Gordimer supplies penetrating social commentary on South African apartheid in her short story, "Once Upon a Time." The author creates an underlying uneasiness and obvious irony while following the traditional style reminiscent of bedtime stories, with modern South African reality filling in for magical kingdoms. Rather than reform the unbalanced societal structure of apartheid, a white family chooses to ignore the issue and simply add security measures to their suburban home. The family’s attempt to live happily ever after during a time of social unrest is the Gordimer’s sarcastic metaphor for the white South Africans and the self-inflicted harm caused by their own lopsided social system. The story begins with an anecdote reeking of symbolism. The author wakes in the middle of the night, unsure whether she's heard the sound of an intruder's footstep. She imagines herself the victim of an invasion (24) just as the wife imagines herself the victim of intruders opening her gates and streaming in (26). Time takes the author’s terror away, and she â€Å"is to be neither threatened nor spared† (24), realizing it is the creaking of her house built on â€Å"undermined ground† (24). The wife does not see that her imagined intruders are not the real threat preventing her from sleeping soundly at night, but instead it is the very apartheid under which her family seeks shelter. The author informs the reader that her neighborhood is built on gold mine shafts, which are collapsing inward deep under the surface of the ground and â€Å"bringing uneasy strain to the balance and counterbalance of brick, cement, wood, and glass that hold it as a structure† (24). White-dominated South Africa arose on the wealth of ... Free Essays on Happily Ever After Free Essays on Happily Ever After Happily Ever After Written in caustic response to an annoying academic, Nadine Gordimer supplies penetrating social commentary on South African apartheid in her short story, "Once Upon a Time." The author creates an underlying uneasiness and obvious irony while following the traditional style reminiscent of bedtime stories, with modern South African reality filling in for magical kingdoms. Rather than reform the unbalanced societal structure of apartheid, a white family chooses to ignore the issue and simply add security measures to their suburban home. The family’s attempt to live happily ever after during a time of social unrest is the Gordimer’s sarcastic metaphor for the white South Africans and the self-inflicted harm caused by their own lopsided social system. The story begins with an anecdote reeking of symbolism. The author wakes in the middle of the night, unsure whether she's heard the sound of an intruder's footstep. She imagines herself the victim of an invasion (24) just as the wife imagines herself the victim of intruders opening her gates and streaming in (26). Time takes the author’s terror away, and she â€Å"is to be neither threatened nor spared† (24), realizing it is the creaking of her house built on â€Å"undermined ground† (24). The wife does not see that her imagined intruders are not the real threat preventing her from sleeping soundly at night, but instead it is the very apartheid under which her family seeks shelter. The author informs the reader that her neighborhood is built on gold mine shafts, which are collapsing inward deep under the surface of the ground and â€Å"bringing uneasy strain to the balance and counterbalance of brick, cement, wood, and glass that hold it as a structure† (24). White-dominated South Africa arose on the wealth of ...

How to Make a Bubble Rainbow - Science Project

How to Make a Bubble Rainbow - Science Project Use household materials to make a bubble rainbow! This is a safe, easy and fun project that explores how bubbles and color work. Bubble Rainbow Materials a sockliquid dishwashing soapplastic bottlefood coloring You probably can use bubble solution for this project, but I got much better bubbles using the dishwashing liquid. I used a Vitamin Water bottle for this project. Any soft drink or water bottle will do. Firm bottles are easier to use than thin, flimsy ones. Make a Homemade Bubble Snake Wand Youre going to make a fat snake of bubbles. Its actually a great project even without the coloring. Heres what you do: Cut the bottom off of the plastic bottle. If this is a project for kids, leave this part to an adult.Slip a sock over the cut end of the bottle. If you like, you can secure it with a rubber band or ponytail holder. Otherwise, a small sock fits just fine or you can hold the sock over the bottle.Squirt dishwashing liquid into a bowl or plate. Mix in a little water to thin it out a bit.Dip the sock end of the bottle into the dishwashing solution.Blow through the mouth of the bottle to make a bubble snake. Cool, right?To make a rainbow, stripe the sock with food coloring. You can make any colors you like. Rainbow colors would be red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo violet. For most food coloring kits, this would be red, red yellow, yellow, green, blue, blue red. Apply more coloring for a more intense rainbow or to recharge the sock if you need more solution.Rinse yourself with water when youre done. The food coloring will stain fingers, clothes, etc., so its a messy project, best d one outdoors and wearing old clothes. You can rinse your homemade bubble wand and let it air dry if you wish to use again. Learn About Bubbles How Bubbles WorkMake Colored Bubble PicturesMake Colored Soap BubblesMake Glowing Bubbles

Homework # 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Homework # 5 - Assignment Example From better business confidence to improved exports to more foreign demand to stronger employment sector, Canada is enjoying a healthy phase of growth. However, the overall outlook is rather ambiguous and it is not yet fully known how the drop in oil prices is bound to affect Canada in future. The press release also reveals that an uncertain outlook is the result of lower oil prices. In order to handle the negative impacts of lower oil prices, the Bank expects to make the Canadian economy stronger than ever before. This will be accomplished by increasing real GDP growth. The Bank will also adopt such a monetary policy which will help in minimizing risks caused by the oil price shock and returning the Canadian economy to full capacity. The current target for the overnight rate is 0.75% as per the press release for 21 January 2015. The bank rate is of the Bank of Canada is 1 per cent and the deposit rate is 1/2 per

Finance principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Finance principles - Essay Example The company held a meeting to discuss the launch of its new product and the top management discussed in detail about the cash flow analysis and projections of the liquid detergent. The Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Mc Donald presented a report in a meeting which included the cash flow projections for the new project. He was planning to purchase specialized equipment and production facilities from Donnalley limited. Mr. Gasper, the production manager, inquired the CFO that why wasn’t he purchasing the equipment from Danforth limited. Being the financial analyst, I will analyze the purchase of equipment and facilities from Donnalley as well as Danforth limited if the company was planning to go with the project. If the company will buy specialized equipment from Donnalley limited, then it is expected to have increased net cash flows for the project. For the first four years, company will be able to get increased cash flows of $580000. While for the next three years, company is hopeful to receive higher cash flows of $650000. However, the company will get net cash flows of $550000 for the remaining four years of the project. There will be reducing depreciation on the specialized equipments of the company which are shown in table 1. The Radiant limited will experience loss in sales revenue from the existing product lines during the term of the project. The EBIT and NOPAT are calculated for each year in the table 1. Following are the formulae for the calculations of EBIT, NOPAT and free cash flows. In the fifth year, there was a need to purchase additional production facilities to meet up the growing demand of the detergents. The company will invest $5000000 to continue operations and production of detergents. The terminal cash flows are also calculated to come up with the free cash flows of the last year of the project. Let us suppose that the company can also purchase the plant, equipment and facilities from Danforth limited for launching a new